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Mass firings set for HUD office that funds homelessness programs : NPR

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A woman gathers possessions to take before a homeless encampment was cleaned up in San Francisco in 2023. The Trump administration plans to cut most federal staff in the HUD office that funds homelessness programs at a time when the number of people in the U.S. without housing is at a record high.

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The federal office that funds housing and other support for homeless people across the country is slated to shrink dramatically, a prospect that advocates warn would make record-high homelessness even worse.

The Office of Community Planning and Development, within the Department of Housing and Urban Development, is slated to lose 84% of its staff, according to a document seen by NPR. That target is the deepest of any office in the agency.

“That proposed cut is massive. And the potential for adverse impact at the community level and at the national level is also massive,” said Ann Oliva, who spent a decade at HUD and is now CEO at the National Alliance to End Homelessness.

Have information you want to share about ongoing changes at HUD? NPR’s Jennifer Ludden can be contacted through encrypted communications on Signal at jenniferludden.20.

The same office also funds disaster recovery and programs that help local communities build affordable housing.

Overall, Trump’s Department of Government Efficiency, an entity known as DOGE and overseen by Elon Musk, plans to reduce HUD’s staffing by about half.

The Community Planning and Development office at HUD disperses more than $3.6 billion in federal funding for rental assistance, mental health and substance use treatment, and outreach to try and get those living outside into shelter or housing. “It’s the “backbone” of local communities’ response to homelessness, Oliva said, “in blue states and red states alike.”

Cutting so much staff would mean firing not only people at headquarters in Washington, D.C., but also those in field offices around the country, she said. And that means it would likely take longer to get funding to the thousands of local nonprofits who provide housing and other support.

“Grants need to be processed,” said one HUD employee, speaking on condition of anonymity for fear of retaliation. They said the prospect of major staff cuts, combined with deferred resignations, are a “huge worry” that threatens to disrupt work.

So far, HUD has not addressed such concerns in detail.

“HUD is following direction from the administration while also ensuring the department continues to deliver on its critical functions,” a HUD spokesperson said in a statement. They said that includes the agency’s “mission to serve rural, tribal and urban communities and statutory responsibilities.”

There’s concern about whether homelessness funding will be sent out as usual

The Biden administration approved the next wave of homelessness funding in its last days in power in January. The money has not yet been distributed. Advocates say it could be taking longer simply because of the transition to a new administration. But there’s also worry that it’s more than that.

In late January, the Trump administration issued a memo freezing spending on federal loans and grants. That was rescinded, and then paused in court after a legal challenge, but a federal judge found some funds were still frozen.

A lawsuit challenging the freeze noted that many local nonprofits that partner with federal agencies rely heavily on government funding, and the loss of it could be devastating. In a recent memo, the National Council of Nonprofits said many groups were still having trouble accessing funds, “causing them to stop programs, furlough employees, and question multi-year budgets.”

“I’m increasingly concerned that money is paused in a way that’s illegal,” said Peggy Bailey, a former senior adviser at HUD who’s now with the left-leaning Center on Budget and Policy Priorities.

She also said this pause, and the proposed staff cuts, appear to be part of a larger push to shrink HUD. Republicans in Congress have proposed major budget cuts for the agency. The conservative agenda laid out by Trump allies in Project 2025 calls for moving some HUD functions to other agencies, states or localities.

Republicans want to change how federal homelessness funding is spent

There’s also been growing Republican opposition to the way federal homelessness funding is spent.

Current longtime bipartisan policy prioritizes getting people into housing and then providing support for those who want addiction or mental health treatment. Supporters say it has a proven track record of keeping people off the street.

But Republicans argue that this policy, or what’s called Housing First, has actually made homelessness worse.

Project 2025 calls for ending it. The Cicero Institute, a conservative Texas think tank founded by a Trump ally, has been pushing states to require substance abuse and mental health treatment as a condition for federally funded housing. Researchers at the conservative Manhattan Institute recently proposed shifting homelessness funding to a block-grant system, giving states greater control over how to spend it.

Whatever happens, advocate Ann Oliva said this is a crucial time for tackling homelessness. A record number of people in the U.S. struggle to afford rent or mortgage. And she would expect that number to rise if the office in charge of homelessness prevention was effectively gutted.

“Possibly, construction would stop on affordable housing that’s already in the pipeline,” she said. “Ultimately, I think the risk is that we will see people falling into homelessness even quicker than we’ve already seen over the last few years.”

Lost Causes – The New York Times

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A couple months ago, a friend of mine lost her phone. The next day, another friend lost his wallet. These things weren’t just misplaced; they didn’t surface the next day. They hadn’t slid out of a pocket and down between the couch cushions only to be found while tidying the house. The phone and wallet disappeared and didn’t come back. They seemed well and truly lost.

We misplace things all the time. “Keys, phone, wallet,” I repeat as a mantra before I leave the house, the office, the bar, patting my pockets to make sure we’re intact. We’ve all experienced that “Oh no, where’s my …” feeling. We’re sure we lost some essential item and are hit with a feeling of doom so intense, it’s almost breathtaking. Then, just as quickly, that exquisite wash of relief when you find that your phone is, in fact, in the pocket of your coat — false alarm, crisis averted. You are, for a moment, a changed person, a person who glimpsed the horror of having to call the D.M.V., and you got a last-minute reprieve. You’ll keep better track of your stuff from now on. You never want to feel that way again.

Misplacing stuff and then finding it is everyday nonsense. Losing things is rarer. The fact that two good friends lost important things back-to-back seemed weird, like a particular type of bad luck had zeroed in on my social circle. Someone wise once advised me that when things seem strange or confusing or too symbolically weighty, we might ask ourselves, “How would I interpret this if it were a dream?” It puts some distance between us and what’s happening. What if I had a dream in which people in my life kept losing their things? How would I interpret that?

“Lose something every day. Accept the fluster / of lost door keys, the hour badly spent. / The art of losing isn’t hard to master,” Elizabeth Bishop wrote in “One Art.” The poem begins by discussing the loss of inconsequential things like keys, then moves on to bigger losses: “three loved houses,” “two rivers, a continent,” “even losing you.” Small losses prepare you for big ones.

In the dream in which my friends keep losing seemingly insignificant things, I see symbols. The wallet and the phone are boring essentials, the untreasured, unremarked-upon tools of living that we take for granted until we lose them. Then their import comes into bright focus: What was even in my wallet? License, credit cards, so many receipts. Was there a gift card that I’ll never get back? Things were so easy before and I didn’t even know it. Now there’s all this confusion, all this hassle. Why are we so careless? Why do we take everything for granted?

In my interpretation, I am tempted to see a lesson in holding on to things more tightly, in keeping better track, in cherishing harder. But when I asked my friend who lost her phone about the experience, she described two hours of panic. The next morning, though, the feeling had vanished. “I decided that if anyone wanted to get in touch with me, they could wait. That I could get everywhere I needed to, that I actually had everything I needed,” she said.

Oh! Of course! Impermanence! I always forget. The Buddhist writer Jack Kornfield wrote of his teacher holding up a teacup, saying: “To me this cup is already broken. Because I know its fate, I can enjoy it fully here and now. And when it’s gone, it’s gone.” The cup is already broken. The phone and wallet are already lost. We have everything we need. The things we’re afraid of losing are already gone.

Knowing this doesn’t keep the terror from setting in every time I think I’ve left my phone in a cab. But in the quiet moments when I’m calmer, I’m trying to meditate on the things I’m holding too tightly, to loosen my grip a little, to carry a little more lightly the teacup, the wallet or phone, the people and places and ideas I’m clutching, as if clutching will keep them from vanishing.

Middle East

📺 “Suits LA” (Tomorrow): In 2023, “Suits” — a show that had been off the air for four years — was the most watched show on Netflix. It’s easy to see why. The show was sleek and light, sexy and fun. What’s more, it introduced the world to Meghan Markle. Now, we go again in “Suits LA,” a spinoff series. Like the original, it follows the lives of improbably good-looking lawyers. Unlike the original, it’s set in the world of Hollywood entertainment law. I’m sure it’ll be just as fun, but whether it produces a star who helps convulse a centuries-old British institution remains to be seen.

Perfect for chilly evenings when you long for summer, Ali Slagle’s one-pan salmon niçoise with orzo carries the bright, sunny flavors of Provence in an easy dinner. This colorful mix of salmon, green beans and tomatoes is made in the same pan as the olive-speckled orzo, but added in stages so each element winds up perfectly cooked. And if it doesn’t feel like niçoise without tuna, feel free to substitute a can of it for the salmon. Either way, it’s sure to evoke warmer days to come.

Click the cover above to read this weekend’s issue of T, The Times’s style magazine.

The Hunt: After years of subletting and living out of suitcases, a young actor decided to find a “soft place to land” in New York. Which home did she choose? Play our game.

Dallas Mavericks vs. Los Angeles Lakers, N.B.A.: When Dallas traded Luka Doncic, the 25-year-old face of the franchise, to the Lakers this month, Mavs fans spiraled. They protested outside the stadium; they protested inside the stadium; they canceled their season tickets. This is the two teams’ first matchup since the trade, and it could be an emotional game for Doncic, who had been with Dallas his entire career and who, by all accounts, did not want to leave. Tuesday at 10 p.m. Eastern on TNT

Elon Musk blurs the line between DOGE and personal business roles : NPR

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Elon Musk holds a chainsaw that was gifted to him at the Conservative Political Action Conference at the Gaylord National Resort Hotel And Convention Center on Thursday in Oxon Hill, Md.

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President Trump was speaking at a Saudi investment conference in Miami on Wednesday when he gave a shout-out to billionaire tech titan Elon Musk, seated with other business leaders and dignitaries in the audience.

“He’s been making a bit of news lately, very positive news,” Trump said, urging Musk to stand for applause.

It wasn’t clear whether Musk was there in his role as the leader of DOGE — a project to slash the federal government — or as the man behind X, SpaceX, xAI and Starlink.

Musk is a “special government employee,” a role created by Congress in the 1960s that allows parts of the federal government to bring someone on for a specific role, on a temporary basis. With this classification, Musk doesn’t have to divest from his businesses, but he is supposed to follow conflict-of-interest laws and recuse himself when necessary.

Ethics experts say that by continuing to run his businesses while also working for the government, Musk is blurring the lines between his roles in a way that could hurt the public trust. Musk and the White House say they will avoid conflicts of interest.

World leaders meet with Musk

As members of Musk’s DOGE team are continuing their march through government agencies looking for waste, Musk himself seems to be everywhere, often at Trump’s side but also making solo appearances, as he did Thursday at the Conservative Political Action Conference outside of Washington, D.C.

Musk was a surprise guest on the main stage. And as part of his introduction, the president of Argentina, Javier Milei, presented him with a red and chrome chainsaw.

“President Milei has a gift for me,” Musk said as music pumped in the room.

Then Musk waved the chainsaw around excitedly, shouting, “This is the chainsaw for bureaucracy!”

Elon Musk appears at the Conservative Political Action Conference, or CPAC, outside of Washington, D.C., on Thursday.

YouTube

Taking a chainsaw to bureaucracy is what Musk claims to be doing with his project known as the Department of Government Efficiency.

Video posted on X shows Musk and Milei sitting in front of U.S. and Argentinian flags to pose for a more formal photo, suggesting they met before Musk went out on stage.

Last week, when Musk met with Narendra Modi, the prime minister of India, there were questions about whether he was there as a member of the Trump administration or as the CEO of Tesla, which is looking to expand into India. Musk brought three of his children to the meeting, which was attended by aides to the prime minister. The setup looked much like a bilateral meeting between leaders; there were U.S. and Indian flags set up behind them as Musk presented Modi with a gift.

In India, news presenters excitedly speculated about the reasons for their meeting. Modi, asked about it later in a press conference at the White House, said he and Musk go way back. A White House official not authorized to speak about the matter publicly told NPR that Musk met with Modi in his personal capacity and not as a special government employee. Later, though, Musk was in the Oval Office for Trump’s meeting with Modi. A press release from the prime minister’s office highlighted Musk’s roles as “head of the U.S. Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) and CEO of Tesla.”

“Prime Minister and Mr. Musk discussed strengthening collaboration between Indian and US entities in innovation, space exploration, artificial intelligence, and sustainable development. Their discussion also touched on opportunities to deepen cooperation in emerging technologies, entrepreneurship and good governance,” read the press release.

Changing hats ‘by the hour’

In frequent posts on his social media site X, Musk ping-pongs between talking about his work slashing the government and promoting his business ventures, many of which have government contracts or are regulated by federal agencies. On Friday, Musk celebrated the Trump administration Department of Justice dropping a lawsuit against SpaceX.

“He’s basically a walking conflict of interest,” said Richard Briffault, who specializes in government ethics at Columbia Law School.

Briffault is not alone in raising alarms about Musk’s large business holdings creating a conflict with his work in the government.

“Musk seems to be in a position with the White House’s consent that he can just change hats by the hour as it suits him,” said Don Fox, who was the top lawyer at the Office of Government Ethics during the George W. Bush and Obama administrations.

Fox said there’s little indication the normal process to avoid conflicts is being followed. For high-level government employees, including those like Musk, that generally involves filing a financial disclosure report and coming to an ethics agreement with the Office of Government Ethics to identify potential conflicts and commit to a plan for avoiding them.

The White House says Musk will file a confidential disclosure of his financial interests by the end of next month and has been briefed on ethics requirements. Typically those disclosures are required within 30 days of starting work.

“The thing the public should be concerned about is, we don’t know,” said Fox. “Is he looking after our interests as taxpayers and citizens, or is he looking after his own business interests?”

President Trump is joined by Tesla and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk, and his son, X Musk, during an executive order signing in the Oval Office at the White House on Feb. 11.

President Trump is joined by Tesla and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk, and his son, X Musk, during an executive order signing in the Oval Office at the White House on Feb. 11.

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In an interview with Sean Hannity that aired Tuesday on Fox News, Trump and Musk downplayed the risk. Musk said he had never asked Trump for anything “ever.”

Musk said if a conflict arose, he would recuse himself. Trump chimed in, “If there’s a conflict, you won’t be involved. I mean, I wouldn’t want that. And he won’t want it.”

The White House didn’t provide any examples of Musk recusing himself thus far.

All these questions about Musk come as Trump just fired the Biden-appointed and Senate-confirmed director of the office of Government Ethics, who was only a couple of months into a five-year term. Other watchdogs have also been fired across the government.

“Whatever the guardrails are there in terms of preventing public officials from engaging in self-dealing, enforcement seems to be gone,” said Briffault.

The nature of his leadership

With Musk’s role, it’s almost impossible for anyone on the outside to see what he’s actually doing. Because Musk is working out of the Executive Office of the President, there are no requirements for public disclosure. Musk, however, insists his work is transparent, as he posts on social media regularly about contracts DOGE claims to have canceled.

In a recent court filing challenging the project’s work, the Justice Department claimed that Musk is not an employee of the U.S. DOGE Service and is not the U.S. DOGE Service administrator. Instead, it asserted that Musk is an employee in the White House office and functions as a senior adviser to the president. That description is at odds with the way both Trump and Musk have described his job and the work of DOGE.

John Yoo, a law professor at the University of California, Berkeley, said the idea of bringing in an outside expert or, say, a family member to advise the president has happened many times before. It was even litigated, back when then-first lady Hillary Clinton was leading health care reform efforts for her husband’s administration. Conservatives sued to block that effort and ultimately failed, with the district court in D.C. determining that Clinton could proceed.

“The real rule is to make sure that Hillary Clinton in 1993 or Elon Musk in 2025, all they’re doing is giving advice,” said Yoo of the ruling from the early 1990s. He was a clerk in the D.C. circuit court at the time and said he remembers it well. “As long as they have no power to order anyone to do anything, it stays on the legal side of the line.”

Yoo, who was a top Justice Department lawyer in the George W. Bush administration, said this is the legal line the White House is trying to walk with Musk, who to any outside observer presents as a powerful figure in Trump’s administration.

“And this is why the White House produced that funny declaration where they kind of said Elon Musk has no power,” Yoo said.

This lack of clarity about Musk’s authority makes the ethical waters particularly murky, according to Stephen Gillers, an emeritus professor of legal ethics at New York University.

“The hole we’re in is the product of two facts: We’ll never know, probably never know … exactly what he’s up to,” said Gillers. “[And] even if we knew everything he was up to, there’s nothing we can do about it.”

The White House official dismissed the criticisms as partisan, saying there is no concern in the White House about whether Musk will follow strict ethics rules.

Canada’s Hockey Victory Sends a Message to Trump: Hands Off

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Some sports rivalries are generational. Others are about an underdog fight or national pride.

Canada’s hockey victory over the United States on Thursday was a bit of both. Against a backdrop of taunts by President Trump about annexing Canada and the looming economic threat of 25 percent tariffs on Canadian goods, a lot was symbolically riding on the game.

[Read: Trump Says Auto Tariffs Coming Apr. 2]

“Canada needed a win, and the players beared that on their shoulders,” Jon Cooper, Canada’s coach, said after the game. “This one was different. This wasn’t a win for themselves. This was a win for 40-plus million people. The guys knew it and they delivered.”

The game capped off a round-robin tournament called the 4 Nations Face-Off between Canada, Finland, Sweden and the United States. It was the first international tournament since the 2016 World Cup of Hockey to feature some of the National Hockey League’s best players representing their countries.

The championship on Thursday took on geopolitical consequences unfamiliar to Canadian sports fans. After Canada lost the first-round match, there was a sense of urgency weighed by heavy stakes and a responsibility to prove something very important to the world.

Instead of the usual electric anticipation before sports matchups between Canada and the United States, this championship’s buildup held a bitterness. Social media was abuzz with insults in both directions. My group chat plotted how many Canadian flags would sufficiently offend at a sports bar. Bygone were the playful pregame bets between world leaders.

Despite being an infrequent sports watcher, the tone felt unusually familiar. The intensity reminded me of the hostile soccer rivalry between Albania, my family’s home country, and Serbia. The two nations have a fraught political relationship and have been involved in wars against each other.

On the flip side, Canada and the United States, as Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has remarked in recent weeks, fought alongside each other as close allies that share a friendship unparalleled on the global stage. That was, of course, before Mr. Trump’s threats of annexation.

“You can’t take our country — and you can’t take our game,” Mr. Trudeau wrote in a post on X after the nail-biting victory.

Thursday began with more needling from Mr. Trump that Canada should “someday, maybe soon, become our cherished, and very important, Fifty First State” led by “Governor Trudeau.”

[Read: Canada as the 51st State? In Electoral Terms, Trump’s Idea Favors Democrats.]

Typically, Canada’s matches against the United States are about sport supremacy and pride, equally so in the women’s hockey league and in soccer and basketball, said Dave Bidini, a Canadian musician and author of 13 books about hockey. That’s changing.

“This geopolitical climate adds an entirely new depth, I think, to these kinds of games and probably will for the next four years,” Mr. Bidini told me. The last time he recalled feeling heightened political tension during an international hockey event was during a match in 1972 between Canada and the Soviet Union. Canada scored the winning goal with 34 seconds to spare. As a child, Mr. Bidini feared the Soviet Union would consume his country if the team lost.

“Looking back, I think how utterly absurd that was,” Mr. Bidini told me before the game on Thursday. “But that was the climate of the times, and tonight is the closest it has come to mirroring that.”

“I hope Canada wins because I think it’ll quiet the noise a little bit,” he added, referring to Mr. Trump’s threats.

As for other noise, sports-watching venues across Canada were raucous. At a packed sports bar in Toronto’s east end, fans around me booed the United States. They erupted in jubilation after Canada’s first two goals by Nathan MacKinnon and Sam Bennett, and into enthusiastic cheers after three impressive saves by the goaltender Jordan Binnington. The viewers more than once broke into the melody of “Seven Nation Army” by the White Stripes. Pizza Pizza, a Canadian fast-food franchise, put out ads during the game for a 25 percent “reverse tariff” discount on pizza.

Connor McDavid, who played alongside the fellow national treasure Sidney Crosby, scored the winning goal in overtime.

Then came the finale: the national anthem.

Matthew Roberts, a spectator who was sitting not far from me, belted out the first words of “O Canada.” Others quickly joined.

“I sang ‘O Canada’ as loud as I could to get the crowd going,” Mr. Roberts said.

As exhilarated fans filed out of the bar, Mr. Roberts told me he normally isn’t the most patriotic or invested sports fan, but the atmosphere that night called for it.



Vjosa Isai is a reporter and researcher for The New York Times in Toronto.


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The Unabashedly Provocative Youth Driving Germany’s Far Right

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The Alternative for Germany party, or AfD, with its anti-immigrant and nationalist platform, has long been the pariah of German politics. Its members have been fined for Nazi slogans and labeled extremist by the government.

Ahead of Sunday’s national parliamentary election, a new band of influencers has found a voice among voters by bringing a more youthful edge to the party known for its provocations and controversies. They welcome the scorn of protesters, journalists and the mainstream political parties. Some of them still trade jokes about Hitler and Jews, along with the occasional Sig Heil salute.

Their party’s energy and ethos has won approving nods from Elon Musk, an adviser to President Trump, and from Vice President JD Vance. And they have helped elevate the party to second in the polls, even as the political establishment has kept the AfD out of government as part of a longstanding commitment to sideline parties deemed extreme.

They are the changing face of the AfD.

When Marie-Thérèse Kaiser, 28, first went to an AfD event in 2017, she was surrounded by retirees. “They could have been my grandparents,” she said. Things have changed. Young people who might have been punks or hippies in a different time are now finding the AfD, she said — and posting about it.

Ms. Kaiser is a parliamentary candidate and a personal assistant in the office of Alice Weidel, the leader of the AfD. She canvassed for the party on a frigid Saturday morning in Sittensen, a small town outside Hamburg. She picked the spot because she had been uninvited from a panel discussion there because of lingering controversy over a social media post that violated a law against hate speech.

In 2021, Ms. Kaiser on Facebook criticized Germany’s acceptance of immigrants from Afghanistan. In the post, she asked Hamburg’s mayor whether he was creating a “welcome culture for gang rapes?” The government fined her 6,000 euros ($6,275) and convicted her of inciting racial hatred. Her online following grew.

Other young activists have embraced confrontation to win votes and gain followers.

On a recent Saturday, Michelle Gollan, 23, stood in front of the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin with a stern look on her face. She held a microphone adorned with the name of her YouTube channel, “eingollan,” which has nearly 200,000 subscribers.

Her poster read “remigration,” considered AfD code for deportations. The dot on the “i” has been replaced by a pink AfD arrow.

She was trying to attract protesters to talk to her, to feed a new video and, she said, introduce her viewers to new ideas. She succeeded with a woman with an anti-AfD sticker on her jacket and a rainbow flag draped around her shoulders, who briefly debated her.

The tense discussion left a huge grin on Ms. Gollan’s face: “For me, being provocative also means triggering people.”

Whenever the AfD rallies in the streets, as it did in Munich this month after a mother and child were killed by an immigrant in a car attack, protesters show up. And when protesters march against the party, as hundreds of thousands have done already in Berlin during this campaign, young AfD activists show up in turn.

At such demonstrations, Christopher Tamm, 24, likes to wear a hoodie emblazoned with the logo of the AfD’s youth wing, which is classified as extremist by German intelligence. “I openly say that I am right-wing, that I stand for right-wing politics,” Mr. Tamm said.

The next morning, near Hamburg, an AfD supporter waved good morning to fellow volunteers who were canvassing for the elections. He left his hand up in a Hitler salute, which is illegal in Germany. “Keep your arm up like this a bit longer,” he said.

Being provocative and promoting fear and hate work well on social media, but that tone shouldn’t be adopted by a mainstream party, said Emilia Fester, 26, a member of Parliament from the Greens party. Ms. Fester isn’t shy about speaking out against the AfD. Whenever it spreads lies or disinformation on social media, she said, “That is something one must clearly call out and limit.”

The young AfD activists are an extension of a party that has found support in many corners of Germany since its founding in 2013. It is a party no longer defined by a single demographic, but infused more broadly into a society where many still see the AfD as far-right extremists. In doing so, they have created their own counterculture.

Wutbürger, a German rock bank whose name translates to “enraged citizen,” started out making patriotic anti-establishment music. It has since embraced a far-right identity and fan base, forging close ties with some AfD politicians. It has also been classified as a “right-wing extremist group” by a state government in Germany.

The band’s song “Walhalla,” including the lyric “we send our enemies back to the Orient,” has gone viral.

“We achieved our own counterculture. Our own music, our own rap culture, our own rock culture,” said Andy Habermann, the band’s leader. “We don’t hear the mainstream anymore, we don’t see them on TV, we don’t listen to the mainstream anymore on the radio. We know they are filtered, sadly. We have no more trust.”

As the U.S. Exits Foreign Aid, Who Will Fill the Gap?

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As the reality sets in that the United States is drastically diminishing its foreign assistance to developing countries, an urgent conversation is starting among governments, philanthropists, and global health and development organizations.

It is centered on one crucial question: Who will fill this gap?

Last year, the United States contributed about $12 billion to global health, money that has funded treatment of H.I.V. and prevention of new infections; children’s vaccines against polio, measles and pneumonia; clean water for refugees; and tests and medications for malaria.

The next largest funder is the Gates Foundation, which disburses a fraction of that amount: its global health division had a budget of $1.86 billion in 2023.

“The gap that has been filled by the U.S. cannot be easily matched by anybody,” said Dr. Ntobeko Ntusi, the chief executive of the South African Medical Research Council.

U.S. assistance has been channeled through the United States Agency for International Development, or U.S.A.I.D., which the new Trump administration has largely dismantled, and other government agencies, including the National Institutes of Health, which is also facing substantial cuts in health research grants.

Many people are suggesting that other countries, particularly China, could move into some of the areas vacated by the United States, Dr. Ntusi said. Others are making urgent appeals to big philanthropies including the Gates Foundation and Open Philanthropy.

This conversation is most consequential in Africa. About 85 percent of U.S. spending on global health went to programs in or for African countries.

For countries such as Somalia, where U.S. aid made up 25 percent of the government’s whole budget, or Tanzania, where the U.S. funded a majority of public health care, the loss is catastrophic. And for the major global health agencies, the situation is similarly critical.

President Trump has already pulled the U.S. out of the World Health Organization, which is now trying make an initial budget cut of $500 million for 2026-27 to cope with the withdrawal of American funds.

“Most of our neighbors on the continent, they’ve been completely reliant on the U.S. to procure most of the lifesaving medications for endemic infections,” Dr. Ntusi said. “And I don’t see most of the governments overnight being able to have the resources to cope. And so I think there’s going to be devastating consequences on lives lost from Africans who will die of preventable infections”

The U.S. is the largest donor to Gavi, an organization that supplies essential vaccines to the world’s poorest countries, and to the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. The U.S. contribution is required by Congress. Asked about the commitment to these and other multilateral agencies including the Pandemic Fund, a State Department spokesperson said that the programs were being reviewed to see if they aligned with the national interest, and that funding would continue only for those that met this condition.

There is no indication that additional funding will come from the other G7 countries, the European Union or other high-income nations. Britain, Germany, France, the Netherlands and Scandinavian countries have all reduced their foreign aid. Some new donor countries have come forward to support the W.H.O., including Saudi Arabia and South Korea, but their spending is dwarfed by the amount the U.S. once gave.

Of nongovernmental players, the World Bank is best placed to provide long-term support for health spending. The bank has said little so far. It could offer countries hit hard by the U.S. cutoff innovative financing such as debt-for-health-care swaps to give nations struggling under heavy debt burdens some fiscal freedom to make up lost health care funding. However, the U.S. is the largest shareholder of the bank, and the Trump administration would have influence over any such investment.

Much of the public discussion about filling the vacuum left by the U.S. has focused on China, which has built a significant presence by financing infrastructure projects in African countries, particularly those with extensive mineral reserves or strategic ports.

“There is good reason for them to do so,” said Ja Ian Chong, an associate professor of political science at the National University of Singapore. China regards foreign aid as a soft-power tool in its superpower rivalry with the United States, much as the United States did when setting up U.S.A.I.D. during the height of the Cold War with the Soviet Union. China seeks to use aid to garner more support from developing countries in the United Nations.

While Chinese aid has largely come in loans to build infrastructure, it includes support for more varied projects. China’s answer to Western development aid, a program unveiled in 2021 called the Global Development Initiative, includes $2 billion for upgrading livestock production in Ethiopia, fighting malaria in Gambia and planting trees in Mongolia, among other projects.

Mr. Chong said China’s ability to fill the opening left by U.S.A.I.D. could be constrained by its own financial limitations. China’s economy has stagnated because of a property crisis and rising government debt, and the country has already scaled back on big infrastructure loans.

To date, China has shown little interest in supporting global health programs, or in providing grants on a scale anywhere near U.S.A.I.D. levels. AidData, a university research lab at William & Mary in Virginia, estimates that Beijing provides about $6.8 billion a year in grants and low-cost loans.

Philanthropies that were already working in global health have been deluged with panicked calls from organizations with frozen funds.

“I have talked to some foundations who have all said we’re being inundated with people saying, ‘Help us, help us, help us,’ and I think they’re trying to patch little holes,” said Sheila Davis, the chief executive of the nonprofit Partners in Health, which works with local governments to bring health care to communities in developing countries. But if a patchwork bailout can cover just 20 percent of what the U.S. was paying for, what should a new donor save? she asked. “Do you choose to save one program fully and then let others go? Or what is the best strategy?”

Chief among the foundations fielding pleas for help is the Gates Foundation, which has been warning its grant recipients that it cannot make up the gap. In addition to funding global health programs, the foundation also supports health research and is a major contributor to Gavi.

“There is no foundation — or group of foundations — that can provide the funding, work force capacity, expertise, or leadership that the United States has historically provided to combat and control deadly diseases and address hunger and poverty around the world,” the foundation’s North America director, Rob Nabors, said by email.

Multiple recipients of Gates Foundation funding, who declined to speak on the record because they were describing confidential conversations, said they had been told by foundation staff members that it would continue to fund research and programs in the areas it already worked, but wouldn’t expand significantly, and that while some grants might be restructured to try to compensate for part of the lost U.S. funding, the foundation’s work would continue to be “catalytic” rather than support large-scale programming like U.S.A.I.D. did.

John-Arne Røttingen, the chief executive of the Wellcome Trust, which is among the largest donors to global health research, said in an email that the foundation was “exploring what options might exist” in the new landscape. But, he said, its help would be “a drop in the ocean compared to what governments across the world need to provide.”

A couple of small organizations, such as Founders Pledge, have started “bridge funds,” ranging from about $20 million to $200 million, to try to help plug immediate gaps.

But the philanthropic sector has largely been silent about the momentous change in the landscape. Major players that have already put hundreds of millions of dollars into health care in Africa, such as the Susan T. Buffett Foundation, did not respond to questions about their plans. The Delta Foundation (co-founded by the Zimbabwean telecom billionaire Strive Masiyiwa) declined to discuss the issue.

Two executives at smaller private foundations said there was a reluctance to say anything publicly because of fear of retribution from the Trump administration, including a potential loss of charitable status.

African governments are under tremendous pressure from frustrated citizens to assume responsibility for the health spending that was coming from the U.S. The issue led the agenda at a meeting of the continent’s health ministers at an African Union summit last week.

In the 24 years since the Union adopted what’s called the Abuja Declaration, committing its 42 members to spending 15 percent of their budgets on health, only a couple of states have ever hit that target, and for a year or two at most. Average health spending by African countries is less than half that amount.

In Nigeria, the president convened an emergency cabinet committee to make a plan for the budget shortfall, and Parliament allotted an extra $200 million to the national budget last week. But that extraordinary measure illustrates the scale of what’s been lost: it’s less than half of the $512 million that the U.S. gave Nigeria for health care in 2023.

Nigeria’s health minister, Dr. Muhammad Pate, said that nearly 28,000 health care workers in the country had been paid in whole or part by U.S.A.I.D., which also covered three-quarters of the bill for drugs and test kits for the 1.3 million Nigerians who live with H.I.V.

Nigeria will quickly need to find new ways of operating, he said, including boosting manufacturing of some of those items domestically. “It may not be as fancy, but at least it will serve,” Dr. Pate said.

He also predicted that the end of U.S. aid would accelerate what he called a “realignment” in Africa. “The world has shifted in the last 20 years,” he said. “So we have other actors: We have China, India, Brazil, Mexico and others.”

Deisy Ventura, a professor of global health ethics at the University of São Paulo, said the change could open opportunities for other countries to exert newfound influence.

“The retreat of the United States may open space for new leaders now,” she said. “It’s important for us in the global south to imagine an international coordination of emergency preparedness and response without the United States.”

Berry Wang contributed reporting from Hong Kong.

Live Updates: Hamas Is Set to Release More Hostages From Gaza

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For Jonathan Dekel-Chen, every day this week has been a mixture of joy and grief. He is celebrating the return of his son Sagui, who was released over the weekend as part of the cease-fire deal with Hamas. But reminders of Sagui’s ordeal, and the torments of the remaining hostages, are impossible to escape.

“Today is a day with very mixed feelings,” Mr. Dekel-Chen said in an interview on Thursday.

He had just visited his son in a Tel Aviv-area hospital on a day when Hamas turned over coffins that were said to contain the remains of four of Mr. Dekel-Chen’s neighbors in Kibbutz Nir Oz, where about a quarter of the 400 residents were either killed or taken hostage on Oct. 7, 2023.

It has been 504 days since the Hamas-led attack, and roughly 60 hostages have yet to come home. “We need to double down now on getting all the hostages home,” Mr. Dekel-Chen said. The four bodies returned on Thursday were said to include three members of the Bibas family — Ariel Bibas, 4, and Kfir Bibas, who was just 10 months old, and their mother, Shiri Bibas. The Bibases came to symbolize the plight of the captives after videos of them being taken to Gaza went viral.

But early Friday, the Israeli military announced that the remains in what was said to be Ms. Bibas’s coffin did not match the identity of any of the hostages. “This is a violation of utmost severity,” the military said.

The authorities did confirm the children’s remains, and those of Oded Lifshitz, who was 83 when he was killed in captivity by the militant group Palestinian Islamic Jihad, according to Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s office.

Hostages being handed over in Khan Younis, Gaza, this month as part of a hostage and prisoner deal.Credit…Saher Alghorra for The New York Times

Mr. Lifshitz, a retired journalist, was captured along with his wife, Yocheved Lifshitz, who was released weeks into the war for what Hamas called “humanitarian and health reasons.”

She has described abuse and harrowing conditions in Hamas’s underground tunnels, warning that other hostages would not be able to endure them.

Before the war, Mr. Lifshitz volunteered to drive Gazans seeking medical treatment to hospitals in Israel and was a founding member of a branch of Peace Now, a group advocating a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Mr. Dekel-Chen, who was friends with Mr. Lifshitz for decades, said he “was a man truly committed to his values.”

Thousands of Israelis paid tribute to Mr. Lifshitz and the other hostages during a Thursday night rally in what has become known as Hostage Square in Tel Aviv. They were also there to pressure the Israeli government to secure the release of those still being held.

Rally speakers demanded that the Netanyahu government not let the cease-fire fall apart. The first phase of the agreement between Israel and Hamas took effect in January and is set to end in less than two weeks. Negotiations on the second phase have been delayed, leaving the fates of dozens of captives up in the air.

The fragile truce has led to the release of hostages from Gaza in exchange for Palestinians held in Israeli jails — but there are concerns among the relatives of hostages that there may not be another round of releases.

Yael Adar, whose son Tamir Adar was killed in the attack on Kibbutz Nir Oz and whose body has not been returned from Gaza, spoke at the Thursday rally. She said that when Tamir’s son heard that bodies would be returned to Israel this week, he asked if his father would be coming home.

“We told him no, not at this stage. Asaf couldn’t understand why there were stages,” she said.

Mr. Netanyahu’s office said has said that six living hostages would be released on Saturday, instead of three as planned, and that four more bodies would be returned next week.

But relatives are anxious.

A poster showing Shiri Bibas, center, who was kidnapped with her husband and young sons on Oct. 7, 2023. Hamas released what it said were her remains, but Israel’s military said none of the returned bodies were a match for her.Credit…Mahmoud Illean/Associated Press

Hamas’s failure to return Ms. Bibas raises new questions about whether the next release of hostages and prisoners on Saturday will proceed and the fate of talks on the second phase of the cease-fire deal.

If negotiations on the second phase fail, roughly 60 hostages, some believed to be dead, would most likely remain in Gaza. And if fighting resumes, those who are alive will be in even graver danger.

On Monday, a rally in Hostage Square was held to mark the 500th day of captivity for those being held in Gaza.

Among the speakers was Yeela David, the sister of Evyatar David, who was taken from the Nova music festival during the Oct. 7 attack. “Phase 2 is the last chance to save the lives of dozens,” she said. “If this deal falls apart and Phase 2 doesn’t begin, it will remain a black stain in the pages of our history.”

The hostages that have been freed say there is no time to spare.

Keith Siegel’s wife drove that point home during the Monday rally at Hostage Square. Mr. Siegel was held in Gaza for nearly 500 days, six months of which were spent locked in a small room alone. He was beaten, threatened at gunpoint and reduced by his captors to “nothing,” in the words of his wife, Aviva.

Aviva Siegel last year with a photograph of her husband, Keith Siegel, who was released this month. “He went through 484 days of hell,” she said.Credit…Hiroko Masuike/The New York Times

He ate only moldy pita bread, lost 65 pounds and some days thought he would not survive, Ms. Siegel said, describing details of her husband’s experience for the first time.

“He went through 484 days of hell no human being should ever have to experience,” said Ms. Siegel, who was also taken hostage. She was released during a brief truce in November 2023. “I was in Gaza. I survived. Keith survived. Others will not,” Ms. Siegel warned.

It was a theme repeated by other former captives, including Iair Horn, 46, who was freed on Saturday along with two other hostages in exchange for 369 Palestinian prisoners.

He appeared in a video message at the Monday rally, recorded about 48 hours after his return to Israel, to plead for his brother, Eitan Horn, who was still in Gaza and was not slated to be freed in the first phase of the agreement.

“I was there. I was in Hamas’s tunnels. I experienced it firsthand,” Iair Horn said. “And I’m telling you, the hostages don’t have time. They must be brought back now.”

Since his return, he said, people kept asking what he needs. “I answer them, ‘I need only one thing: Bring back my brother. Bring back my brother and all the hostages.’”

Consider This from NPR : NPR

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The U.S. Department of Education in Washington D.C. It’s been reported that President Donald Trump is prepared to abolish the Department of Education with an executive order.

Alex Wong/Getty Images


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Alex Wong/Getty Images


The U.S. Department of Education in Washington D.C. It’s been reported that President Donald Trump is prepared to abolish the Department of Education with an executive order.

Alex Wong/Getty Images

“The Department of Education is a big con job.”

That’s just one of the things President Trump has said about one of the most high profile departments in federal government — a department Trump says he wants to eliminate.

Trump says he wants to save money, and kill policies he doesn’t like. Trump and Elon Musk’s DOGE has already started cutting funding from the department.

The Trump administration wants the Department of Education gone. But can they get rid of it, and what could be lost in the process?

For sponsor-free episodes of Consider This, sign up for Consider This+ via Apple Podcasts or at plus.npr.org.

Email us at [email protected].

This episode was produced by Jordan-Marie Smith and Elena Burnett and was edited by Courtney Dorning.

Our executive producer is Sami Yenigun.

Live Updates: Hamas Is Set to Release 6 More Hostages

0

For Jonathan Dekel-Chen, every day this week has been a mixture of joy and grief. He is celebrating the return of his son Sagui, who was released over the weekend as part of the cease-fire deal with Hamas. But reminders of Sagui’s ordeal, and the torments of the remaining hostages, are impossible to escape.

“Today is a day with very mixed feelings,” Mr. Dekel-Chen said in an interview on Thursday.

He had just visited his son in a Tel Aviv-area hospital on a day when Hamas turned over coffins that were said to contain the remains of four of Mr. Dekel-Chen’s neighbors in Kibbutz Nir Oz, where about a quarter of the 400 residents were either killed or taken hostage on Oct. 7, 2023.

It has been 504 days since the Hamas-led attack, and roughly 60 hostages have yet to come home. “We need to double down now on getting all the hostages home,” Mr. Dekel-Chen said. The four bodies returned on Thursday were said to include three members of the Bibas family — Ariel Bibas, 4, and Kfir Bibas, who was just 10 months old, and their mother, Shiri Bibas. The Bibases came to symbolize the plight of the captives after videos of them being taken to Gaza went viral.

But early Friday, the Israeli military announced that the remains in what was said to be Ms. Bibas’s coffin did not match the identity of any of the hostages. “This is a violation of utmost severity,” the military said.

The authorities did confirm the children’s remains, and those of Oded Lifshitz, who was 83 when he was killed in captivity by the militant group Palestinian Islamic Jihad, according to Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s office.

Hostages being handed over in Khan Younis, Gaza, this month as part of a hostage and prisoner deal.Credit…Saher Alghorra for The New York Times

Mr. Lifshitz, a retired journalist, was captured along with his wife, Yocheved Lifshitz, who was released weeks into the war for what Hamas called “humanitarian and health reasons.”

She has described abuse and harrowing conditions in Hamas’s underground tunnels, warning that other hostages would not be able to endure them.

Before the war, Mr. Lifshitz volunteered to drive Gazans seeking medical treatment to hospitals in Israel and was a founding member of a branch of Peace Now, a group advocating a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Mr. Dekel-Chen, who was friends with Mr. Lifshitz for decades, said he “was a man truly committed to his values.”

Thousands of Israelis paid tribute to Mr. Lifshitz and the other hostages during a Thursday night rally in what has become known as Hostage Square in Tel Aviv. They were also there to pressure the Israeli government to secure the release of those still being held.

Rally speakers demanded that the Netanyahu government not let the cease-fire fall apart. The first phase of the agreement between Israel and Hamas took effect in January and is set to end in less than two weeks. Negotiations on the second phase have been delayed, leaving the fates of dozens of captives up in the air.

The fragile truce has led to the release of hostages from Gaza in exchange for Palestinians held in Israeli jails — but there are concerns among the relatives of hostages that there may not be another round of releases.

Yael Adar, whose son Tamir Adar was killed in the attack on Kibbutz Nir Oz and whose body has not been returned from Gaza, spoke at the Thursday rally. She said that when Tamir’s son heard that bodies would be returned to Israel this week, he asked if his father would be coming home.

“We told him no, not at this stage. Asaf couldn’t understand why there were stages,” she said.

Mr. Netanyahu’s office said has said that six living hostages would be released on Saturday, instead of three as planned, and that four more bodies would be returned next week.

But relatives are anxious.

A poster showing Shiri Bibas, center, who was kidnapped with her husband and young sons on Oct. 7, 2023. Hamas released what it said were her remains, but Israel’s military said none of the returned bodies were a match for her.Credit…Mahmoud Illean/Associated Press

Hamas’s failure to return Ms. Bibas raises new questions about whether the next release of hostages and prisoners on Saturday will proceed and the fate of talks on the second phase of the cease-fire deal.

If negotiations on the second phase fail, roughly 60 hostages, some believed to be dead, would most likely remain in Gaza. And if fighting resumes, those who are alive will be in even graver danger.

On Monday, a rally in Hostage Square was held to mark the 500th day of captivity for those being held in Gaza.

Among the speakers was Yeela David, the sister of Evyatar David, who was taken from the Nova music festival during the Oct. 7 attack. “Phase 2 is the last chance to save the lives of dozens,” she said. “If this deal falls apart and Phase 2 doesn’t begin, it will remain a black stain in the pages of our history.”

The hostages that have been freed say there is no time to spare.

Keith Siegel’s wife drove that point home during the Monday rally at Hostage Square. Mr. Siegel was held in Gaza for nearly 500 days, six months of which were spent locked in a small room alone. He was beaten, threatened at gunpoint and reduced by his captors to “nothing,” in the words of his wife, Aviva.

Aviva Siegel last year with a photograph of her husband, Keith Siegel, who was released this month. “He went through 484 days of hell,” she said.Credit…Hiroko Masuike/The New York Times

He ate only moldy pita bread, lost 65 pounds and some days thought he would not survive, Ms. Siegel said, describing details of her husband’s experience for the first time.

“He went through 484 days of hell no human being should ever have to experience,” said Ms. Siegel, who was also taken hostage. She was released during a brief truce in November 2023. “I was in Gaza. I survived. Keith survived. Others will not,” Ms. Siegel warned.

It was a theme repeated by other former captives, including Iair Horn, 46, who was freed on Saturday along with two other hostages in exchange for 369 Palestinian prisoners.

He appeared in a video message at the Monday rally, recorded about 48 hours after his return to Israel, to plead for his brother, Eitan Horn, who was still in Gaza and was not slated to be freed in the first phase of the agreement.

“I was there. I was in Hamas’s tunnels. I experienced it firsthand,” Iair Horn said. “And I’m telling you, the hostages don’t have time. They must be brought back now.”

Since his return, he said, people kept asking what he needs. “I answer them, ‘I need only one thing: Bring back my brother. Bring back my brother and all the hostages.’”

House Republicans split over Medicaid changes to pay for Trump tax cuts : NPR

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The House GOP budget resolution relies on significant cuts to Medicaid. Some Republican lawmakers are warning about the effect this could have on their constituents.



ADRIAN FLORIDO, HOST:

House Republicans are crafting a budget package that includes President Trump’s top agenda items – boosting border security and extending his tax cuts. To pay for it, they’re looking for cuts, and a large chunk is expected to come from Medicaid, the federal health care program for poor, elderly and disabled Americans. NPR congressional correspondent Deirdre Walsh joins us now to report on the split inside the Republican Party on changes to the program. Welcome, Deirdre.

DEIRDRE WALSH, BYLINE: Hey, Adrian.

FLORIDO: First, can you just explain why House Republicans are looking for savings for Medicaid?

WALSH: So the House Republican budget calls for up to $2 trillion in cuts to pay for extending Trump’s tax cuts for another decade. Those are due to expire at the end of 2025. There’s only so much you can cut from the discretionary side of the budget, the annual spending bills. The vast majority of the federal budget is spent on mandatory programs like Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid. So various committees are crafting details on where to get these cuts from, and the one panel that oversees health programs is tasked with coming up with over $800 billion in cuts. The expectation is most of those will come from Medicaid.

FLORIDO: But Deirdre – correct me if I’m wrong – hasn’t President Trump declared that he wouldn’t touch Medicaid?

WALSH: He did. Earlier this week in an interview on Fox News, the President said that, and he campaigned on not touching entitlement programs. But a day after insisting that Medicaid is off the table, he endorsed the House Republican budget proposal that includes this plan to target the program for savings to come up with the 4 1/2 trillion they’re going to need to pay for these tax cuts. House Speaker Mike Johnson has insisted Medicaid benefits are not at risk and says their budget is targeting waste, fraud and abuse in Medicaid.

FLORIDO: But is there any expectation that Republicans can find hundreds of billions of dollars in waste? Yeah, how could they change Medicare?

WALSH: I mean, that’s a big numbe, r and it’s not expected they can get those kinds of savings, so Republicans are looking at other reforms. Ideas that conservatives have pushed for years in terms of reforming Medicaid – adding work requirements for adults who aren’t caring for small children, tying their health care benefits to working or training for a job. Some conservatives are also talking about shifting Medicaid to the states more, limiting how much the federal program pays to the states for each Medicaid beneficiary. That could increase the states’ share of the program.

FLORIDO: Are all Republicans on board with these proposals?

WALSH: No. I mean, in the last week, we have seen some moderate Republicans warn they have concerns and could vote no. One freshman Republican, Rob Bresnahan from Pennsylvania, issued a statement after the House budget was adopted by the Budget Committee last week. He said, if a bill, quote, “is put in front of me that guts the benefits my neighbors rely on, I will not vote for it.” There’s also a group of Republican lawmakers who represent districts with large number of Hispanic constituents, and they say Medicaid cuts could have serious consequences for their constituents. Remember, there’s just a small, small, tiny Republican majority. The speaker can afford to lose one vote.

FLORIDO: Yeah.

WALSH: So it’s going to take near unanimity next week.

FLORIDO: And are GOP lawmakers hearing anything from constituents themselves?

WALSH: You know, it’s still early in the process and this is just the first step, but one of Trump’s campaign pollsters, Tony Fabrizio, released a poll of swing-state House districts that shows that federal assistance to pay for health insurance is really popular with Trump voters and swing voters. There was also a town hall in a Republican district in Georgia last night where some voters did push back at the idea of cutting back some of these federal programs.

FLORIDO: That’s NPR’s Deirdre Walsh. Thanks, Deirdre.

WALSH: Thank you.

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